{"id":1695,"date":"2021-02-08T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-08T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cannadaily.news\/?p=1695"},"modified":"2021-02-08T09:34:00","modified_gmt":"2021-02-08T09:34:00","slug":"pregnancy-and-cannabis-a-pending-issue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cannadaily.news\/fr\/pregnancy-and-cannabis-a-pending-issue\/","title":{"rendered":"La grossesse et le cannabis : une question en suspens"},"content":{"rendered":"

Que savons-nous d\u00e9j\u00e0, et que devons-nous apprendre, sur les effets de la consommation de cannabis durant la grossesse ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La plupart des sp\u00e9cialistes d\u00e9conseillent la consommation de cannabis chez les femmes enceintes en l'associant aux complications d'accouchement, \u00e0 la naissance pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e et \u00e0 un faible poids du nouveau-n\u00e9. Mais qu'est-ce qui est certain quant \u00e0 ses effets sur le f\u0153tus ? Et ainsi, quelles sont les raisons pour lesquelles les femmes en grossesse consomment cette substance ? Quand et comment la consomment-elles ? Comment influe-t-elle leurs exp\u00e9riences de gestation ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plupart des enqu\u00eates r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sur ce sujet n'apportent pas des r\u00e9sultats concluants et, dans bien des cas, ils sont contradictoires. Les phytocannabino\u00efdes qui se trouvent dans la marijuana sont connus pour leur capacit\u00e9 de s'adjoindre aux r\u00e9cepteurs de cannabis pr\u00e9sents dans le cerveau des tous les mammif\u00e8res, et ainsi, pour le d\u00e9veloppement du syst\u00e8me endocannabino\u00efde du f\u0153tus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le r\u00f4le du Syst\u00e8me endocannabino\u00efde dans le corps humain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me endocannabino\u00efde est une structure physiologique responsable de la r\u00e9gulation d\u2019une grande diversit\u00e9 des processus corporels, comme la lib\u00e9ration des neurotransmetteurs, la perception de la douleur, la r\u00e9gulation cardiovasculaire et les fonctions gastro-intestinales, notamment de l\u2019app\u00e9tit, ainsi que des certaines fonctions du foie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le r\u00f4le du Syst\u00e8me endocannabino\u00efde dans le corps humain<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ce syst\u00e8me comporte des r\u00e9cepteurs cannabiques (CB1 et CB2), qui se trouvent principalement dans le cerveau et dans le syst\u00e8me nerveux, \u00e9tant distribu\u00e9s dans tous les tissus et les organes p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques. Le syst\u00e8me inclut aussi des endocannabino\u00efdes, ou \u201cmol\u00e9cules de liaison\", qui se m\u00ealent aux r\u00e9cepteurs susmentionn\u00e9s, et finalement, il comporte des enzymes qui synth\u00e9tisent et r\u00e9gulent le m\u00e9tabolisme des endocannabino\u00efdes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les phytocannabino\u00efdes naturels trouv\u00e9s dans la marijuana, comme le THC ou le CBD, agissent dans le corps de mani\u00e8re similaire \u00e0 l'anandamide, l\u2019une des endocannabino\u00efdes principaux qui constituent le corps humain. Comme nous l\u2019avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9, les \u00e9tudes scientifiques ne sont pas concluantes ni sur les effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques du cannabis dans le d\u00e9veloppement du f\u0153tus, ni par contre, dans la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des potentielles d\u00e9ficiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La consommation du cannabis durant la grossesse, une question controvers\u00e9e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une enqu\u00eate publi\u00e9e en 2015 a mesur\u00e9 la perception globale du mouvement (GPM pour son acronyme en anglais) de 145 enfants qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9s \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes combinaisons de m\u00e9thamph\u00e9tamines, d\u2019alcool, de tabac et de cannabis durant la grossesse. Les donn\u00e9es furent compar\u00e9es avec celles des 45 enfants qui n\u2019avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des telles substances. Les r\u00e9sultats ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les enfants qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9s \u00e0 la marijuana, sans avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9s \u00e0 l'alcool ou aux autres drogues, \u00e9taient plus dou\u00e9s lors de la r\u00e9alisation de leurs devoirs scolaires, en un notable 50 %. C\u2019est un bon exemple de comment les phyto-cannabino\u00efdes peuvent appuyer le d\u00e9veloppement du corps et de la perception spatiale des f\u0153tus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La grossesse et le cannabis : ce qu\u2019il faut savoir<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Il faut \u00e9galement noter que dans la plupart des \u00e9tudes scientifiques, les facteurs d\u2019analyse sont \u00e9valu\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re isol\u00e9e, ce qui limite la fiabilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats obtenus. Dans de nombreux cas, il existe d\u2019autres facteurs qui influencent le d\u00e9veloppement de la m\u00e8re et de la vie qu\u2019elle engendre, et qui habituellement ne sont pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9s, comme la g\u00e9ographie, l'environnement et la condition sociale de la famille, son bien-\u00eatre \u00e9motionnel, l\u2019alimentation de la gestante, etc. Par exemple, il est bien connu que l'existence du stress chez la m\u00e8re a des effets nocifs sur le f\u0153tus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lesquels sont les r\u00e9els besoins des m\u00e8res ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En mettant l\u2019accent sur les m\u00e8res, on pourrait se demander : avec quelle intention les femmes enceintes, ou qui allaitent, consomment-elles du cannabis ? \u00c0 quel intervalle ? Comment la plante aide-t-elle les femmes ? Comment est-elle administr\u00e9e ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour l\u2019instant, aucune \u00e9tude a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces questions, une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 possiblement motiv\u00e9e par les stigmatisations dont les femmes consommateurs souffrent, particuli\u00e8rement aux d\u00e9cennies r\u00e9centes. Une circonstance qui para\u00eet \u00eatre similaire \u00e0 celle de la menstruation, que nous avons envisag\u00e9 dans notre article de jeudi dernier.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Cannabis
La m\u00e8re devrait \u00eatre au centre du d\u00e9bat et des enqu\u00eates concernant le cannabis et la grossesse (Source : Shutterstock).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

La science ne para\u00eet pas \u00eatre tr\u00e8s objective quand il s\u2019agit des substances ill\u00e9gales ou des personnes d\u00e9prim\u00e9es. Plus nous incluons des perspectives diff\u00e9rentes pour analyser le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, plus les r\u00e9sultats seront exhaustifs et objectifs, \u00e0 condition que les m\u00e8res soient au centre du d\u00e9bat. Il faut ouvrir une discussion sans pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s, un d\u00e9bat honn\u00eate et transparent, et il est ainsi n\u00e9cessaire de ne pas succomber aux dogmes de la nouvelle religion promue par les discutables sages qui portent des blouses blanches.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What do we know and what we need to learn about the effects of consuming cannabis during pregnancy? Most specialists advise against the use…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1696,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[75],"tags":[715,709,712,706,707],"gutentor_comment":37,"yoast_head":"\nPregnancy and cannabis: a pending issue - CannaDaily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Most specialists advise against the use of cannabis during pregnancy, but how and when do they consume it? 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